What you need to know about security cameras

Investing in a security camera system can be a great way to protect your property and provide peace of mind. However, it's crucial to do your research beforehand to ensure you get the right system for your needs. Security cameras come in a variety of styles and with different capabilities. Understanding these differences will help you choose the best fit for your situation. Here's what you need to know before you invest in security cameras:

Camera Shape/Style:

• Dome: Discreet, vandal-resistant, and good for indoor or outdoor use. The dome casing can make it difficult to tell which direction the lens is pointing, which improves the deterrent factor.
• Bullet: A long, cylindrical shape that is highly visible and acts as a deterrent. They are typically weatherproof and ideal for outdoor use.
• PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom): These cameras can be remotely controlled to move side-to-side (pan), up and down (tilt), and zoom in on subjects. They are great for monitoring large, open areas.
• Fisheye/360-degree: Use ultra-wide lenses to capture a full 180 or 360-degree view, reducing the number of cameras needed to cover a large space.

Connectivity and Power:

• Wired: Provide a reliable connection and consistent power. They transmit data and/or power through physical cables, typically Ethernet or coaxial.
• Wireless (Wi-Fi): Offer easier installation and placement flexibility as they don't require data cables. However, they rely on a strong Wi-Fi signal and are powered either by a plug or a rechargeable battery, which limits potential installation locations.
• Power over Ethernet (PoE): A type of wired system that simplifies installation by delivering both power and data through a single Ethernet cable.

Key Features to Consider:

• Resolution: The clarity of the video. 1080p is a common standard, but 4K cameras offer four times the detail, which is useful for identifying faces or license plates from a distance.
• Night Vision: Essential for 24/7 surveillance. Most cameras use infrared (IR) LEDs to see in the dark. Some also have a secondary spotlight for color night vision.
• Field of View (FOV): How much area the camera can see. A wider FOV can cover a larger space, reducing the number of cameras you need. 
• Motion Detection & AI: Modern cameras use smart motion detection to alert you to activity. Advanced AI can differentiate between people, vehicles, and animals, reducing false alarms.
• Two-Way Audio: A built-in microphone and speaker that allows you to hear and speak to people on the other end.
• Storage: Decide on how you want to store your footage. Options include local storage (e.g., a microSD card or a hard drive on a Digital Video Recorder/Network Video Recorder) or cloud storage, which may require a monthly subscription.

DIY vs. Professional Installation

Deciding whether to install the system yourself or hire a professional depends on your budget, technical skills, and the complexity of the project.

DIY Installation:

• Pros: Lower initial cost (no labour fees), flexible scheduling, and you have full control over the process.
• Cons: Requires technical skills and can be time-consuming. Errors in installation can lead to security vulnerabilities or equipment damage, and you are responsible for ongoing maintenance.

Professional Installation:

• Pros: Convenience and peace of mind. Professionals have the expertise and tools to ensure proper setup, optimal camera placement, and a clean, discreet installation. They can also offer ongoing support and warranty coverage, and in many cases you will receive an extended warranty period when choosing a professional install.
• Cons: Higher upfront cost due to labour fees and may require scheduling appointments.

Legal and Privacy Considerations

Before installing a camera, be aware of the laws and bylaws in your area. Privacy laws can vary significantly by city, province, and country.

• Expectation of Privacy: It is generally legal to record video on your own property, but you must avoid areas where people have a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as bathrooms, bedrooms, or changing rooms.
• Public vs. Private Space: Do not point your cameras at your neighbor's property or into their windows. In many places, it is also illegal for a private citizen to record public spaces like sidewalks or streets unless there is a specific and documented reason (e.g., repeated vandalism) and the camera's primary focus remains on your own property.
• Audio Recording: Laws regarding audio recording are often stricter than those for video. Some jurisdictions require "one-party consent" (meaning you or another party in the conversation must consent to the recording), while others require "all-party consent." Be sure to check your local laws before using cameras with audio capabilities.
• Signs: While not always a legal requirement for residential use, posting signs that indicate video surveillance is a good practice. It can act as a deterrent and informs people they are being recorded, which is often a legal requirement for businesses.
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